Transformational Adaptation in the Context of Coastal Cities

Coastal settlements, home to more than three billion people and growing rapidly, are highly vulnerable climate change. Increasingly, there calls for adaptation that goes beyond business-as-usual approaches, transforms socioeconomic systems, addresses underlying drivers of vulnerability. Although transformational growing, greater clarity is needed on what transformation means in context order bridge the gap between theory practice. This article reviews theoretical literature adaptation, as well practitioner frameworks case studies urban coastal adaptation. The discusses specific challenges its governance cities. In doing so, this review contributes debate about operationalizing concept cities offers insights ensure processes inclusive equitable.